The Art of Recovery and Good Manners!


We have been gaining new members at almost every meeting, and that's great! The more people that we have in this great hobby means all the more strength we have to deal with the occasional darts which come our way! You know, those attacks from the greedy archeologist, the foolish extremist-environmentalist, some historians and of course the poor misguided D.N.R.! Sometime it's hard to tell, "Just who is our enemy?" Sadly, quite often the enemy is already in our camp! It is the duty of every treasure hunter to police him or herself, (as well as others) in-order for the sport to maintain a good public image. Every time I hear about a park being closed to metal detecting, I think, it must be that penny-pinching, foolish, mail-order buyer! Of Course, he's uneducated, uninformed and out there ruining it for all of us! Sound a little harsh? I think you would be surprised how often this is the case! Normally, if you give someone a detector and a digging trowel, then watch them go, you will find, at least for most people, it's almost natural for them to be neat and refill their holes. The problem is, nine out of ten people will do it wrong! Most feel it best to cut the ground "plugging" the way they would sample-plug a watermelon. First they cut a nice neat circle, then lift out the sod, then they dig their hole. But they would be wrong, wrong, wrong! Please stop this practice!!!!!

1. Never, ever! Separate the grass from itself! Instead, cut a "C" shaped flap then use the uncut part as a hinge. Make your "C" cut big enough so that the sod will be easy to move without having it breaking loose from the surrounding soil! This is very important! This method may appear at first to be the start of some real damage, but it is the right way!

2. Next, if you have decided that the target is in the (sod) section, that you just hinged back, your next tool choice should be a probe. The electronic pin-point probes are great for this, but even a brass rod will do! With the mechanical rod type probe, just poke around in the rooted section till you hear and feel that metal to metal sound, then carefully extract the target.

3. Now, let us assume the target is deeper in the ground. Next you will need something (non-metallic) to put your dirt into. I like to use a little Frisbee. Some treasure hunters use a small square of plastic or canvas. Personally, I like something ridged enough to lift and move if it is full. The main reason for this Frisbee like container is to have a clean way to dump all the crumbs of dirt back into your hole when you are done--- very important!.

4. Sometimes I will have dug deep enough where I think that I should have found my target, yet it's nowhere to be seen? A quick check of the hole with my detector shows that something is still down there. Now here is another good time to put your probe rod to work. Chances are, you have a big target down even deeper! Remember, an axe-head at 15 inches will read like a quarter at 4 inches on a target I.D. detector! Your probing the hole's bottom will confirm this, and also give you an idea how much further you have to dig. Going on will mean a very deep hole! Now, you ask yourself, is it worth it?

5. After the target is found, dump all the dirt back into the hole and hinge the sod back into place. Step down on the sod a few times to level it, also this pushes the roots back into the dirt forcing out the air which will dry-out and kill the root structure.

6. Was it a piece of junk that you just dug? Don't rebury it! One of those mail-order clowns will dig it up again and this time the hole will be left wide open with the trash left right beside it! And did you see that guy watching you from across the street? The only person he remembers seeing detecting there was you! Duh! Take the trash with you!

7. Now, as you walk away to continue with your detecting, stop, turn- around, and look back at the spot where you just dug. If you did things right, you shouldn't be able to find it!

MANNERS!
Treasure Hunting, as well as Collecting, are the oldest hobbies that I know of. The Bible, the oldest book in the world, records great quests for riches and incredible collections, perhaps as early as 2000 B.C. But it wasn't until 1997 A.D., almost four thousand years later, that we see our freedom to continue this great past time--- in serious danger! The greatest threat to our hobby is ignorance, not only on the part of those who fear us, like the archeologist, the environmentalist, the historians and the poor misguided D.N.R., but ignorance on the part of the treasure hunter himself. Are you a good ambassador for your hobby? That’s right! When you are out there hunting, you are representing every single treasure hunter--- including me! If you are running around being a selfish pig--- then we are all selfish pigs!

If you don’t care how bad your digging is--- then none of us care how screwed up we leave things! If you are rude--- we are all rude. If you are dirty and filthy, have a foul mouth --- then we are all foul! People are watching you and based on your actions, we are all being judged! Every now and then I go outside my store’s entry door and clean up cigarette butts. Are they classified as litter? Or are these filthy things considered 'one with nature?' Well, they make me sick! I have a tendency to think of all smokers as being sloppy pigs --- even though they are not. We need to project an image of clean-cut, well-mannered people: people who know exactly what we are doing and care about the areas we are hunting---and how neat we leave these sites. If every one in this hobby including the metal detector manufacturers would come to grips with this, I would never again have to worry about the mail order companies because metal detectors would no longer be sold that way! The mail order joints start out so many untrained people in the hobby, it’s no wonder some places are requiring a license to use a metal detector! Some
states now feel it’s just not worth the bother to weed out the skilled hunter
from the slob, so detecting is just simply outlawed! The restrictions are getting worse and worse! Are we are going to do something about it? We cannot stop the flood of untrained hunters, but we can police ourselves! We can also start by supporting dealers who support this hobby with hands on training, club support, and who work on a national level to protect our freedom. Friends, the mail-order company has one concern, "Getting your money!" As the big companies like WHITES, FISHER & TESORO have said again and again nationally, "Support your local dealer!" They know what's at stake! And now so do you!

Tips To Enhance Your Treasure Hunting Experience

CHOOSE A METAL DETECTOR THAT'S RIGHT FOR YOU

The first step towards becoming a successful treasure hunter is choosing a quality metal detector that best meets your needs and objectives. Think about the kind of treasure hunting you want to do and how often you want to do it. Consider how much money you want to spend, keeping in mind that a new detector can cost anywhere from $150 to more than $6000 depending on its circuitry, features and performance capabilities. Also, deter-mine how much you already know or are willing to learn about operating a metal detector. You should ultimately invest in an instrument that is easy to use and can help you achieve your goals.

READ YOUR DETECTOR'S OWNER'S MANUAL
Take a closer look at your owner's manual after assembling your detector. You'll find basic instructions on how to operate the detector's controls and valuable advice on how to use the detector's special features to help maximize your chances of finding treasure.

RESEARCH
One of the secrets to successful treasure hunting is research. Try to learn as much as you can about the location you want to search, the kind of treasure you want to find and the best ways to recover it. The more prepared you are the greater your chances for success. Research can be something as simple as inquiring about good places to hunt or as complex as investigating the history behind a suspected gold cache site. Treasure hunting magazines, books, metal detecting clubs, local metal detector dealers and Internet chat forums are just a handful of the resources available.

PERFORM BENCH TEST
Bench testing is a great way to become familiar with your detector's capabilities and limitat-ions prior to spending time in the field. Knowing what to expect from your detector, such as the audio and visual signals triggered by various targets, can help you to find treasure more quickly and easily.

LEARN PROPER SEARCH AND RECOVERY TECHNIQUES
Did you know that scanning in a straight line as opposed to a wide half circle helps keep the search coil level, prevents it from lifting after each sweep and ensures that overlap sweeps remain uniform? And that using a screwdriver-like probe to locate a pinpointed target helps prevent target damage and makes it easy to refill holes? These are just a handful of numer-ous tried and true treasure hunting techniques that can improve your chances for success. Your detector owner's manuals often contain useful information on how to scan, pinpoint and recover targets.

PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
Perhaps the best treasure hunting tip of all: The more you hunt the better hunter you'll be-come and the more treasure you'll find. No matter how sophisticated your metal detector is, your success ultimately depends on your ability to use your detector to its fullest potential.

TAKE CARE OF YOUR DETECTOR
Help prolong the life and performance of your detector by cleaning it thoroughly after each use and storing it in a location free from extreme temperatures.

BE CAREFUL
Most treasure hunters agree that compared to a lot of other hobbies and sports, metal de-tecting is probably one of the safest activities around. Nevertheless, a smart metal detect-orist knows the importance of observing the following cautions: DO NOT hunt in areas where electric lines, gas/water pipelines, bombs or other explosives may be buried. NEVER trespass or hunt on private property without permission.

NATIONAL and STATE parks, monuments, military sites, etc., are "off limits!!!"

BE CAREFUL when digging toward a target where the underground conditions are unknown.

REAP THE REWARDS
Gold, silver and jewels are just a few of the potential rewards of treasure hunting. Many hobbyists find metal detecting a great way to enjoy the outdoors, stay in shape and meet new friends.

Where Do I Go Metal Detecting?

WHERE DO I GO METAL DETECTING?

A question most new detectorist ask is "where do I go detecting?" There are countless areas in which you can search, and it is best if you do some research to find the best places. A little time spent in research can add to the success of your hobby enormously. It is easy and lots of fun. Research will guide you to the most productive sites for treasure hunting.Here is a list of some of the more productive places to search, but
Be Sure You Obtain Permission Before Entering Private Property:
Your own backyard, beach, fairground’s, racecourses, picnic areas, battlefields, camping groundsswimming holes, parks and playgrounds, ghost towns and ancient town sites, old homes, public buildings, sports grounds, school yards, ovals around jetties and piers, drive-in theaters, and for gold prospecting, any areas that have had gold prospecting or mining in the past are potential areas.Ideal sources for research are the local library or historical society, the state Department of Mines, newspaper archives, local town plans, etc. Don't forget to talk to the aging people in the area. They'll often tell you about the local swimming hole they used when they were a kid, the field that used to be a sports ground or perhaps a park that was used as a local market - these are all potential 'hot spots'. Lastly, see if there is a detector club in your area and join them. Not only will you learn how to detect and where the good areas are, but you'll also make lots of friends that enjoy the hobby as you do. The classic expression for most detecting is to go - "Slow and Low". This means that the speed that you sweep the coil across the ground should be slow, and the coil should pass across the ground in an even sweep that is as close to the ground as possible. When detecting in goldfields, it is important to always be 'ground balanced'. This is where the detector has compensated for natural minerals in the ground. Detectors that have automatic tracking will maintain the ground balance setting as you detect. However, detectors with manual ground balance should be checked regularly and re-adjusted. When researching for gold prospecting areas, try to find old records, original maps and surveys or geological reports. Don't limit yourself to the well-known goldfields, as small fields can often be quite productive for a detector even if it wasn't rich for the old-timer.
ALWAYS OBTAIN PERMISSION.
If you're gold prospecting, there will generally be a prospecting license or 'Miners Right' that you'll need to buy. These are generally quite inexpensive and easy to obtain from your local dealer. If you're detecting on private property, you'll need to ask for permission as owning a detector does not provide the right to trespass. If you're detecting at sports grounds, city parks etc, permission can often be obtained from the local council. When you find a spot that is giving you good results, slow down and detect thoroughly as there is sure to be more for the careful searcher. Any trash and rubbish you dig up should be removed and disposed of in an environmental way. Removing it means that you won't detect it again the next time you're hunting that area. Always take the time to make your detector comfortable. Adjust the shafts so it is well balanced and it will save you from getting tired by the end of the day. Knowing how to pinpoint accurately means you spend less time recovering targets and more time finding targets. When setting discrimination levels, keep them as low as possible. It's better to dig up the occasional piece of rubbish than miss a nice piece of jewelry. Enjoy yourself...this is most important. Don't worry if you haven't found something straight away, keep enjoying yourself and the gold or treasure will come.
HOW DO I LEARN MORE?
To learn more, contact your local detecting shop. They will be able to give you good advice about the different detector models and which ones suit different conditions. Your local shop will know the area and be able to help you with gaining local knowledge. If you deal with the same shop all the time they will get to know you, building a friendship that will give you the kind of excellent service you would expect. Remember, most people in the shops go out detecting themselves so their advice is first hand. The other great source of information is to contact other people who are already enjoying the hobby of metal detecting. The easiest way to do that is to join the local detecting club but also keep a look out for others detecting and go and introduce yourself. Caravan parks are often a great place to meet others who are enjoying metal detecting during their travels.

Glossary of Detecting Terms

Glossary Of Detecting Terms
AC (Alternating Current) - Metal detector modes that require loop motion to respond to metal.
Air Test - Testing a metal detector’s response to various metallic samples with the loop held away from the ground.
All-Metal - Describes any mode or control setting allowing total acceptance of all types of metal targets, iron and non-iron.
Audio Identification - Circuitry or mode producing different audio tones (pitches) for different target types.
AutoTrac (Automatic Ground Tracking) - A feature that continually and automatically readjusts the ground balance (ground rejection) of a metal detector during searching.
Back Reading - A false target response caused by either overloading due to a very strong target near the loop, or a rejected trash target very close to the loop.
Black Sand - One of the most extreme components of nonconducting negative ground mineralization. Also called (Fe304), magnetite, iron oxide, magnetic sand.
Cache - Intentionally buried or secreted hoard of valuables.
Conductive Salts - One of the major mineral types which makes up the positive ground matrix. Wet ocean salt/sand will produce a positive indication much like a metal target.
Conductivity - The measure of eddy currents of electricity that generate on a metals surface.
Custom Program - Feature choices on a computerized metal detector that are then saved or stored for future use.
DC (Direct Current) - Used to refer to metal detector modes that do not require loop motion to respond to metal targets.
Detection Pattern - The shape of the electromagnetic detection field generated by a metal detector’s loop.De-tuning - A method of narrowing a target signal’s width and length for precise pinpointing.
Depth - How deep a detector can respond to metal targets.Depth Reading - Feature that indicates how deep a target is in the ground before digging.
Discrimination - Adjustable feature that can ignore or respond to different metal types based on their amplitude and phase. Used to cancel responses of unwanted trash metals.
Drift - A loss or increase in threshold caused by the passage of time or variations in temperature..
Eddy Currents - Small circulating currents of electricity on the surface of metals produced by external electromagnetic fields.
Electromagnetic Field - An invisible force extending from the loop created by the flow of alternating oscillator frequency current around the transmit winding.
Elliptical Coil - A loop with an ellipse (oval) shape.False Signal - Erroneous signal caused by non-metal items.
Faraday Shield - Conductive coating inside loops, loop cables, and control housings to eliminate electrostatic interference.
Ferrous Oxide - Decomposed particles of iron (mineralization).
Frequency - The number of complete alternating current cycles produced by the transmit oscillator per second. Measured in Hertz (Hz) or cycles per second.
Frequency Shift - Changes the operating frequency suppressing the interference (cross talk) between detectors.
Fringe Target - A target so deep or so small as to be barely detectable with a metal detector.
Ground Balance - A feature that can be adjusted to ignore the masking effect ground minerals have over metal targets.
Ground Matrix - Total volume of undisturbed ground, usually contains varying amounts and combinations of minerals, moisture, and salt. In an undisturbed condition the ground matrix can exhibit numerous phenomenons regarding metal detector performance.
Hipmount - A configuration where the control box of a metal detector is mounted on the operators hip limiting the weight one has to sweep to that of the loop and rod assembly.
Hot Rock - A rock that contains a higher concentration of minerals than the surrounding ground.Interference - Hinderance of performance due to sources outside a metal detector causing static and unwanted or false signals.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) - A digital display used for graphic visual indications as an alternative to the use of meters.
Memory - A computerized metal detector’s ability to retain operator selected settings for future use.
Menu - A display screen that allows the operator to choose among different features.
Metal - Metallic substances: iron, foil, nickel, aluminum, gold, brass, lead, copper, silver, etc.
Meter - An analog component which provides visual indications regarding a metal target (Alternative to LCD displays).
Mineralized Ground - Any soil or sand that contains conductive and/or magnetic components (minerals).
Mixed Mode - A special metal detector mode that combines all metal and discriminate features into one operating mode.
Mode - A condition or feature of operation selected by the operator for specific functions.
Motion Instrument - A detector type that requires search loop movement to activate the signal from a metal target.
Microprocessor - An electronic component (chip) that can be programmed to perform a variety of functions and control a variety of features.Negative Ground - Soil containing mostly magnetic minerals.
Neutral Ground - Soil that contains no significant minerals.Nicad (Nical Cadmium) - A battery type that can be recharged.
Non-Ferrous - Not of iron . Metals of the precious and semi precious class (i.e. aluminum, brass, lead, gold, silver, copper).
Non-Motion - Mode that will respond to metals with or without movement of the loop.
Notch Discrimination - Discrimination circuitry that allows an area of the discrimination range to be accepted or rejected independently of the remaining discrimination range (a window of acceptance or rejection within the discriminate range).
Notch Width - Finite range of a notch discrimination setting (how wide of window is accepted or rejected).Null - A decrease in sound caused by rejection of targets or ground mineralization.
Oscillator - An electronic component or circuitry designed to generate a specific rate of current frequency to power the loop’s transmit winding.Overlap - Advancing each sweep of the loop in small increments to insure good area coverage. Each sweep should overlap the last by at least 50%.
Overload - Occurs when the receiver of a metal detector becomes overwhelmed due to too much signal (ground and/or target).
Overshoot - A false signal heard as the loop passes over a rejected target when using a non-motion discriminate mode in combination with automatic tuning. Excessive tuning restoration pushes the audio above the threshold level creating a positive response at the edges of target detection.
Phase - The length of time between eddy current generation sustained on a metals surface and the resultant secondary electromagnetic field effect on the loops receive winding. Relates to target conductivity.
Pinpointing - Finding the exact target location with respect to the loops physical center.
PI (Pulse Induction) - A type of metal detector circuitry that operates differently than the standard Transmit Receive or Very Low Frequency instruments. Primarily recommended for better results in salt water.Positive Ground - Soils that contain conductive components such as salt.
Preset - A control setting or marking determined to work well for average conditions.
Preset Program - A selection of a computerized metal detector that automatically selects all the features suited to a particular type of searching condition.
Prospecting - Searching for gold in its natural state (nuggets).
Rejection - Non-acceptance or cancellation of a target response by discrimination circuitry.
Relic - An artifact of the past.S.A.T. (Self Adjusting Threshold) - Automatically resets the threshold to correct for any minor ground, temperature, or electrical changes that typically cause threshold variations.
Scrubbing - Sweeping the loop with contact to the ground.
Searchcoil - (See Loop)
Sensitivity - Measure of a detector’s ability to respond to targets within the detection pattern. Usually indicates the capability to respond to small targets rather than maximum detection depth.
Signagraph - A graphic display of a pattern characterizing a targets electrical and/or magnetic properties.
Signal - An audio response or visual indication alerting the operator that a metal target has been detected.Silent
Search - Capability of a metal detector to respond to metals without a threshold or background sound being heard continually during searching.
Stability - The ability of a metal detector to maintain smooth operation without interference or unstable operation.Target - Any object that causes a metal detector to respond.
Target Masking - When large size or high concentrations of trash metals, or extreme ground mineralization, drive the threshold into the null zone suppressing weaker positive responses.
Ten-Turn Control - A control knob which can be rotated ten times to cover the full electrical range of the feature.Test Garden - A mapped plot of buried targets at various depths to aid in learning the characteristics of a metal detector.
TH’er, TH’ing - Universal word contractions for treasure hunter and treasure hunting.
Threshold - The background hum heard continually during the use of a metal detector indicating the most sensitive audio.
Tone Control - An adjustment for audio frequency or pitch.
Touch-Pad - Switches encapsulated in plastic or that allows the operator to select different functions or features.
Transmit Coil - A coil of wire inside the loop that creates the primary electromagnetic field.
TR (Transmit Receive) - Term used to describe early metal detector technology. Usually describes non-ground rejecting detectors or modes.
Two Box - A metal detector that has the transmit and receive coils mounted in separate housings. By enlarging and separating the transmit and receive coils great depths regarding large metal items can be achieved. Also called cache detectors.
Viewing Angle - A liquid crystals display adjustment for contrast allowing optimum visibility for various light conditions.
Visual Discrimination - The ability of a metal detector to determine trash or non-trash by means of visual indications.
Visual Discrimination Indication (VDI) - A visual indication as to the type of target a metal detector is detecting.
VLF (Very Low Frequency) - Generally used to refer to metal detectors that can cancel the effects of ground mineralization, typically with operating frequencies in the 3-30 kHz range.VLF/DISC - A detector that can cancel ground mineralization while at the same time discriminate against trash.
Voltage Regulator - Circuitry that controls the amount of electricity supplied to operate a metal detector with no loss in performance over a specific voltage/current range.
Zero Discrimination - Used to describe detectors whose discrimination control allows the acceptance of all types of metals when set to the zero position.

Metal Detecting Code of Ethics

Filling all holes to protect the landscaping is but one requirement of a dedicated detectorist. Thousands of individuals & organizations have adopted a formal Metal Detector Operators Code of Ethics:
"____ I will respect private and public property, all historical and archaeological sites and will do no metal detecting on these lands without proper permission.
"____ I will keep informed on and obey all laws, regulations and rules of government federal, state an local public lands.
"____ I will aid law enforcement officials whenever possible.
"____ I will cause no willful damage to property of any kind, including fences, signs and buildings, and will always fill holes I dig.
"____ I will not destroy property, buildings or the remains of ghost towns and other deserted structures.
"____ I will not leave litter or uncovered items lying around. I will carry all trash and dug targets with me when I leave each search area.
"____ I will observe the Golden Rule, using good outdoor manners and conducting myself at all times in a manner that will add to the stature and public image of all people engaged in the field of metal detection.By Charles Garrett in "Treasure Hunting for Fun and Profit"